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Bibliography

Adler, Jessica L. 2017. "The Service I Rendered Was Just as True": African American Soldiers and Veterans as Activist Patients." American Journal Of Public Health 107, no. 5: 675-683.

Bryan, Jami, L. "Fighting for Respect: Africam American Soldiers in WWI." Army History Center, 20 January 2015. https://armyhistory.org/fighting-for-respect-african-american-soldiers-in-wwi/

Grimshaw, Allen D.  “Actions of Police and the Military in American Race Riots,” Phylon 24:3 (3rd Qtr, 1963);

Hill, Robert A. 1983. "The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers, Vol. I", Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1983;

Guttman, Jon. 2005. "In World War I, France gave black American soldiers a chance to fight." Military History, March. 6.

Johnson, Wray R. "Black American Radicalism and the First World War: The Secret Files of the Military Intelligence Division." Armed Forces & Society (0095327X) 26, no. 1 (Fall99 1999): 27-12.

Keene, Jennifer D. "W.E.B. Du Bois and the Wounded World: Seeking Meaning in the First World War for African-Americans." Peace & Change 26, no. 2 (April 2001): 135

Rudwick, Elliot M. 1964 "Race Riot at East St. Louis" Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.

Sheldon, Kathryn "Brief History of Black Women in the Military". The Women's Memorial. https://www.womensmemorial.org/history-of-black-women#3

Williams, Chad “African Americans and World War I”. African and Africa Diaspora Transformations in the 20th Century. Hamilton College, http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-world-war-i.html

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